Introduction to curtain walls|Introduction to various types of glass for building doors, windows and curtain walls

1. Tempered glass

Tempered glass is a glass product obtained by heating glass to a temperature close to the glass softening temperature (600-650°C) and then rapidly cooling or tempering by chemical methods. It has good mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance.

After the heat treatment of the tempering furnace, the structural properties of the original glass are improved, its strength is increased by 3~5 times, and it can withstand the external impact of a certain energy or temperature difference change without breaking. Even if it is broken, the whole glass is broken into small particles similar to honeycomb obtuse angles, which are not easy to hurt people, so they have a certain degree of safety. Tempered glass cannot be cut, it needs to be cut to size before tempering, and has the characteristics of "self-destructing". According to different uses, tempered glass can be divided into various types such as fully tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, regional tempered glass, flat tempered glass, and curved tempered glass. Scope of application: glass doors, high-end building glass curtain walls, escalator fences, telephone booths and display cabinets.

2. Crystal glass

It is cast in a refractory mold using glass beads. Glass beads are made of silica and other various additives as the main raw materials, and are melted and crystallized by flame after batching. Its appearance is smooth and has embellishments in various formats of filament mesh or imitation of natural stone. It has good strength, chemical stability, and resistance to atmospheric erosion. Its reverse side is rougher and has good adhesion to cement. It is a glass plate decoration material, suitable for interior and exterior wall decoration.

3. Mirror glass

Also known as polished glass, it is a glass made of flat glass after polishing, which is divided into two types: single-sided polishing and double-sided polishing, with a flat, smooth and shiny surface. The light transmittance is greater than 84%, and the thickness is 4-6mm

4. Hot-bent glass

The original glass is heated by a hot bending furnace and formed in a mold, and the two pieces of hot bending glass can be further composite into hot-bending laminated glass. Scope of application: various front and rear windshields of automobiles, building arc curtain walls, door and window glass, etc.

5. Glass tiles

Also known as extra-thick glass, there are two types: hollow and solid. Solid glass bricks are made by mechanical pressing method, hollow glass bricks are pressed by box molds, two pieces of glass are heated and fused into a whole, the hollow bricks are filled with dry air, annealed, and the sides are sealed with gaps.

6. Glazed glass

Glazed glass is made by applying a layer of colored fusible color glaze on the surface of the glass, heating it until the glaze melts, so that the glaze layer and the glass are firmly combined, and then annealed or tempered. It has good chemical stability and decorative properties, and is suitable for building façade finishes.

7. Glass brocade bricks

It is made of glass as the base material or glass raw material is ground into fine powder and added with fluoride emulsion, oxidant and other additives, and is made by sintering or calendering. It has the characteristics of light weight, corrosion resistance, and non-discoloration. Glass brocade bricks are generally pasted with special adhesives or cement mixed with latex.

8. Colored glass veneer tiles

This kind of face tile made of thick glass has the advantages of light weight, high strength and good thermal stability. It has the characteristics of different patterns, different colors, dazzling brilliance, and easy to paste.

9. FRP

FRP (also known as glass fiber reinforced plastic, internationally recognized abbreviation as GFRP or FRP), is a composite material with a wide range of varieties, unique properties, and a wide range of applications. It is a functional new material made of synthetic resin and glass fiber through a composite process. FRP materials have the characteristics of light weight, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, good electrical insulation performance, slow heat transfer, good thermal insulation, good instantaneous ultra-high temperature resistance, and easy coloring, which can transmit electromagnetic waves and other characteristics.

10. Insulating glass

Insulating glass is composed of two or more layers of ordinary flat glass. Use high-strength, high-airtight, and composite binders around the perimeter to bond and seal two or more pieces of glass with sealing strips and glass strips, fill the middle with drying gas, and fill the frame with desiccant to ensure the dryness of the air between the glass pieces.

It is composed of multiple pieces of glass and sealant to isolate the environment on both sides of the glass, so as to have good heat insulation, sound insulation and energy-saving effects. Scope of application: factories, terminals, motor vehicles, refrigerators, high-end buildings, office and residential buildings and other occasions with thermal insulation, sound insulation and energy saving requirements.

11. Laminated glass

It is made of two or more pieces of float glass, with one or more layers of polyvinyl butyral film (PVB, a product of DuPont or Shounuo in the United States), through the pressurization and heating process of high-pressure kilns and other equipment. Because this bonding material has good impact resistance and bonding properties, when the glass is broken by impact, it will not hurt people like the sharp fragments produced after the shattering of ordinary glass due to the adhesive effect of the PVB film sandwiched between the two pieces of ordinary glass. At the same time, the sound insulation and sunlight control performance of its PVB interlayer make it a new building material with energy-saving and environmental protection functions: the use of laminated glass can not only isolate the anastomosis noise of 1000~2000 Hz that can penetrate ordinary glass, but also block more than 99% of ultraviolet rays and absorb heat in the infrared spectrum. Scope of application: roofs, curtain walls, skylights, banks, shops, vehicles and other areas with high safety and special facilities with bulletproof and explosion-proof requirements.

12. Float glass

The formation process of float production is done in a tin tank that is passed through the shielding gas. Under the action of gravity and surface tension, the molten glass is spread and flattened on the tin surface, forming the upper and lower surfaces are flattened, hardened, and cooled before being led to the transition roller. The roller of the roller table rotates and pulls the glass belt out of the tin tank into the annealing kiln

13. Heat reflective glass

Heat-reflective glass is generally a film composed of one or more layers of metals such as chromium, titanium or stainless steel or their compounds on the surface of the glass, so that the product has rich colors, has appropriate transmittance for visible light, has high reflectivity to infrared rays, and has a high absorption rate for ultraviolet rays, therefore, it is also called sunlight control glass, mainly used in buildings and glass curtain walls.

14. U-shaped glass

U-shaped glass (also known as channel glass) is a new type of building energy-saving wall profile glass, which is made of raw materials such as broken glass and quartz sand, and has the characteristics of good lighting, thermal insulation, sound insulation and noise prevention, high mechanical strength, anti-aging, and light resistance. The shape is a banner type, with a straight, elegant and smooth line atmosphere of the times, and has a unique decorative effect. Moreover, it is easy to install and has low comprehensive cost, which can reduce the cost by 20%-40%, reduce the amount of work by 30%-50%, and save glass and metal consumption compared with ordinary steel flat glass structures.

15. Filament fireproof glass

Laminated fireproof glass is a composite glass body made by adding wire and mesh to the interlayer of organic film or inorganic adhesive between two layers of glass. The addition of wire or mesh can only improve the overall impact strength of fireproof glass, and can be connected to electric heating and safety alarm systems to play a variety of functions. The only flaw of this fireproof glass is poor light transmission.

16. Flat glass

Flat glass is a transparent and colorless flat glass produced by high-temperature melting in a furnace kiln using quartz sandstone powder, silica sand, potassium fossil, soda ash, mirabilite and other raw materials. Traditional glass products are mainly used for doors and windows, which play the role of light transmission, wind protection and heat preservation. It is required to be colorless, and has good transparency and smooth and flat surface, without defects.

17. Low Emissivity Glass

Low emissivity glass is a film system composed of multiple layers of silver, copper or tin and other metals or their compounds on the surface of the glass, the product has high transmittance to visible light, high reflectivity to infrared rays, has good thermal insulation performance, mainly used in construction and automobiles, ships and other vehicles, due to the poor strength of the film layer, generally made into insulating glass for use.

18. Coated glass

Coated glass is the application of one or more layers of metal, alloy or metal compound film on the surface of the glass to change the optical properties of the glass to meet a specific requirement.

19. Hollow fireproof glass

Hollow fireproof glass is a new product of today's fireproof glass. It is a new type of glass that integrates sound insulation and noise reduction, heat insulation and fire prevention functions. It is based on the production of insulating glass, only need to coat a layer of metal salt on the glass substrate on one side of the glass substrate that may come into contact with fire or flame, dry it at a certain temperature and humidity, and then process it into insulating glass doors, windows, partitions, partition walls, fire escapes of different shapes, etc.

20. Sandwich composite fireproof glass

Laminated composite fireproof glass is a common and extremely best-selling transparent laminated composite fireproof glass in the domestic and foreign markets. It consists of two or more layers of flat glass sandwiched between transparent fireproof adhesives. The strength of its fire resistance mainly depends on the performance of the fireproof adhesive. Fireproof adhesives can generally be divided into two categories: inorganic materials (sodium silicate or also known as water glass) and organic materials (acrylamide and flame retardants, etc.).

21. Laminated glass

Laminated glass is also known as shatterproof glass. It is made by heating ordinary flat glass to a red-hot softened state, and then pressing preheated wire or barbed wire into the middle of the glass.

22. Embossed glass

Embossed glass, also known as patterned glass and knurled glass, is mainly used in doors and windows, indoor partitions, bathrooms, etc. The surface of embossed glass has a pattern pattern, which can transmit light, but can block the view, that is, it has the characteristics of light transmission and opacity, and has excellent decorative effects.

23. Safety glass

Safety glass refers to laminated glass, tempered glass, and insulating glass processed from them that meet national standards.

24. Electronically controlled dimming glass

The difference between intelligent dimming glass and ordinary glass is that it can adjust the transparency, from the technical definition of intelligent electronically controlled dimming glass is one of the special glasses for architectural decoration, also known as electronically controlled color-changing glass light valve, which can be said to be a change in the single transmission of ordinary glass, and is an inevitable product of the development of glass deep processing to high-tech, electronic and intelligent direction.